{"id":1493,"date":"2026-03-17T16:41:55","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T15:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/?p=1493"},"modified":"2026-07-23T12:31:06","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T10:31:06","slug":"when-did-photography-go-soft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/","title":{"rendered":"When did photography go soft?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Clarence_White_Family_in_Maine_Gertrude_K%C3%A4sebier_1913.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"824\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1494\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/1-the-clarence-white-family-in-maine-gertrude-kasebier\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-The-Clarence-White-Family-in-Maine-%E2%80%94-Gertrude-Kasebier.webp?fit=1609%2C2000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1609,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The Clarence White Family in Maine \u2014 Gertrude Ka\u0308sebier&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-The-Clarence-White-Family-in-Maine-%E2%80%94-Gertrude-Kasebier.webp?fit=824%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-The-Clarence-White-Family-in-Maine-%E2%80%94-Gertrude-Kasebier.webp?resize=824%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-The-Clarence-White-Family-in-Maine-%E2%80%94-Gertrude-Kasebier.webp?resize=824%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 824w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-The-Clarence-White-Family-in-Maine-%E2%80%94-Gertrude-Kasebier.webp?resize=241%2C300&amp;ssl=1 241w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-The-Clarence-White-Family-in-Maine-%E2%80%94-Gertrude-Kasebier.webp?resize=121%2C150&amp;ssl=1 121w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-The-Clarence-White-Family-in-Maine-%E2%80%94-Gertrude-Kasebier.webp?resize=768%2C955&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-The-Clarence-White-Family-in-Maine-%E2%80%94-Gertrude-Kasebier.webp?resize=1236%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1236w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-The-Clarence-White-Family-in-Maine-%E2%80%94-Gertrude-Kasebier.webp?w=1609&amp;ssl=1 1609w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Clarence White Family in Maine \u2014 Gertrude Ka\u0308sebier<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prologue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\" style=\"line-height:1.5\">Originally, I intended to build this article as a survey of pictorialism; once and for all to attempt to locate its birth, to split apart the already disheveled history of photography and then glue it back together more neatly. But it was starting to resemble an Excel spreadsheet and a dry historiographical dissertation far too much. So I'll take a different route and begin with a paradox: how the pursuit of technical refinement created an aesthetic of imperfection. In my <a href=\"\/en\/l\/en-impressionism-in-photography\/\">previous article<\/a> I dealt more with general description and the practical side of things; here I would rather, instead of a broad introduction and skating over the surface, develop the <em>damn why<\/em> and the <em>hell how.<\/em> Stretch your menisci, get the vaseline ready, crack open a cold one and let's get to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One might not immediately think that lenses suitable for photography existed long before the invention of photography itself. Optics and lenses had been drawing images for centuries and millennia before that, and this principle was used across fields and disciplines. If I leave aside astronomy (telescopes), naval navigation (spyglasses, sextants), science (microscopes, magnifiers), and the military (sights, periscopes), and focus on art and entertainment, we would find them in plenty of places:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camera_obscura\" target=\"_blank\">Camera obscura<\/a>\u2014a dark chamber. It consists of a hole in a wall or in a box and that's it. Light passes through a small opening inside and an inverted image of the outside world appears on the opposite wall. No magic, no electricity, just a bit of darkness. The principle has been known for millennia; later simple lenses were added and eventually photographic material. It is the foundation of all photography, and modern cameras are just slightly more sophisticated boxes. Anyone can make a pinhole camera from anything, from a matchbox to an entire room. Or cut one out of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pinhole.cz\/cz\/pinholecameras\/dirkon_01.html\" target=\"_blank\">magazine.<\/a> Or buy a nice wooden one <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dirkoma.cz\/modely.html\" target=\"_blank\">made by Czech hands.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camera_lucida\" target=\"_blank\">Camera lucida<\/a>\u2014a \"light chamber,\" a gadget for draftsmen. A glass prism or mirror projected the subject in front of the artist's eyes, and he could see both the model and his drawing at the same time. The subject was easier to trace, and he could pretend to be an artistic genius. Then all that remained was to enjoy countless exposed ankles and bulging corsets of enchanted ladies. The device was constructed by the Renaissance-minded <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Hyde_Wollaston\" target=\"_blank\">William Hyde Wollaston.<\/a> He also created the first landscape lens, <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/wollaston-landscape-lens\/home\" target=\"_blank\">Wollaston<\/a>\u2014in 1804, more than twenty years before photography. You can still <a href=\"https:\/\/re-inventedphotoequip.com\/reinventedphotoequip\/Home.html\" target=\"_blank\">buy a reproduction today.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magic_lantern\" target=\"_blank\">Laterna magica,<\/a> or magic lantern, or skioptikon, or the great-grandfather of the projector. Inside was a candle, in front lens and a transparent image. The image was enlarged and projected onto a wall, and in the 17th century people would go hysterical over it. For greater effect, smoke was sometimes used during projection\u2014at that point the entertainer was also playing with the Inquisition. A similar shock was probably only experienced later when a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=LArrive_dun_train_en_gare_de_La_Ciotat&amp;oldid=1365335484\" target=\"_blank\">silent train by the Lumi\u00e8re brothers<\/a> came rushing at them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">That great, enormous leap, then, was not in the invention of the lens or the camera; it lay in the fact that someone finally appeared who <em>didn't let the image disappear.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-19c4788b wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:37.5%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Oculus_hoc_est_-_fundamentum_opticum_in_quo_ex_accurata_oculi_anatome,_abstrusarum_experientiarum_sedula_pervestigatione,_ex_inuisis_specierum_visibilium_tam_euerso_quam_erecto_situ_spectaculis,_%2814784337332%29.jpg#\/media\/File:Oculus_hoc_est_-_fundamentum_opticum_in_quo_ex_accurata_oculi_anatome,_abstrusarum_experientiarum_sedula_pervestigatione,_ex_inuisis_specierum_visibilium_tam_euerso_quam_erecto_situ_spectaculis,_(14784337332).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"647\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1495\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/2-1-v-prave-spodni-casti-dobove-zobrazeni-camery-obscury-christoph-scheiner-oculus-hoc-est-1619\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.1-%E2%80%94-V-prave-spodni-casti-dobove-zobrazeni-Camery-obscury.-Christoph-Scheiner-Oculus-hoc-est-1619.webp?fit=1264%2C2000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1264,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;V prave\u0301 spodni\u0301 c\u030ca\u0301sti dobove\u0301 zobrazeni\u0301 Camery obscury. Christoph Scheiner, Oculus hoc est (1619)&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.1-%E2%80%94-V-prave-spodni-casti-dobove-zobrazeni-Camery-obscury.-Christoph-Scheiner-Oculus-hoc-est-1619.webp?fit=647%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.1-%E2%80%94-V-prave-spodni-casti-dobove-zobrazeni-Camery-obscury.-Christoph-Scheiner-Oculus-hoc-est-1619.webp?resize=647%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1495\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.1-%E2%80%94-V-prave-spodni-casti-dobove-zobrazeni-Camery-obscury.-Christoph-Scheiner-Oculus-hoc-est-1619.webp?resize=647%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 647w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.1-%E2%80%94-V-prave-spodni-casti-dobove-zobrazeni-Camery-obscury.-Christoph-Scheiner-Oculus-hoc-est-1619.webp?resize=190%2C300&amp;ssl=1 190w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.1-%E2%80%94-V-prave-spodni-casti-dobove-zobrazeni-Camery-obscury.-Christoph-Scheiner-Oculus-hoc-est-1619.webp?resize=95%2C150&amp;ssl=1 95w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.1-%E2%80%94-V-prave-spodni-casti-dobove-zobrazeni-Camery-obscury.-Christoph-Scheiner-Oculus-hoc-est-1619.webp?resize=768%2C1215&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.1-%E2%80%94-V-prave-spodni-casti-dobove-zobrazeni-Camery-obscury.-Christoph-Scheiner-Oculus-hoc-est-1619.webp?resize=971%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 971w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.1-%E2%80%94-V-prave-spodni-casti-dobove-zobrazeni-Camery-obscury.-Christoph-Scheiner-Oculus-hoc-est-1619.webp?w=1264&amp;ssl=1 1264w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In the right lower corner the illustration of Camera obscura \u2014 Oculus hoc est (1619)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;galleryId&quot;:&quot;6a62e90117fc5&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/gallery\" class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camera_lucida#\/media\/File:Camera_Lucida_in_use_drawing_small_figurine.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1496\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/2-2-camera-lucida\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.2-%E2%80%94-Camera-lucida.webp?fit=2000%2C2000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Camera lucida&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.2-%E2%80%94-Camera-lucida.webp?fit=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1496\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.2-%E2%80%94-Camera-lucida.webp?resize=1024%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1496\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.2-%E2%80%94-Camera-lucida.webp?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.2-%E2%80%94-Camera-lucida.webp?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.2-%E2%80%94-Camera-lucida.webp?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.2-%E2%80%94-Camera-lucida.webp?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.2-%E2%80%94-Camera-lucida.webp?resize=1536%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.2-%E2%80%94-Camera-lucida.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Camera lucida<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magic_lantern#\/media\/File:Magic_Lantern.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1497\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/2-3-laterna-magica\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.3-%E2%80%94-Laterna-magica.webp?fit=1600%2C2000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Laterna magica&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.3-%E2%80%94-Laterna-magica.webp?fit=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1497\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.3-%E2%80%94-Laterna-magica.webp?resize=819%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.3-%E2%80%94-Laterna-magica.webp?resize=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 819w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.3-%E2%80%94-Laterna-magica.webp?resize=240%2C300&amp;ssl=1 240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.3-%E2%80%94-Laterna-magica.webp?resize=120%2C150&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.3-%E2%80%94-Laterna-magica.webp?resize=768%2C960&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.3-%E2%80%94-Laterna-magica.webp?resize=1229%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1229w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.3-%E2%80%94-Laterna-magica.webp?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Laterna magica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a62e90118878&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a62e90118878\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"732\" data-attachment-id=\"1498\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/2-4-dirkoma-p810\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.4-%E2%80%94-Dirkoma-P810.webp?fit=2000%2C1429&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1429\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Dirkoma P810&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.4-%E2%80%94-Dirkoma-P810.webp?fit=1024%2C732&amp;ssl=1\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"1498\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.4-%E2%80%94-Dirkoma-P810.webp?resize=1024%2C732&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1498\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.4-%E2%80%94-Dirkoma-P810.webp?resize=1024%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.4-%E2%80%94-Dirkoma-P810.webp?resize=300%2C214&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.4-%E2%80%94-Dirkoma-P810.webp?resize=150%2C107&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.4-%E2%80%94-Dirkoma-P810.webp?resize=768%2C549&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.4-%E2%80%94-Dirkoma-P810.webp?resize=1536%2C1097&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.4-%E2%80%94-Dirkoma-P810.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Czech Dirkoma P810<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Arriv%C3%A9e_d%27un_train_en_gare_de_La_Ciotat#\/media\/File:L'Arriv%C3%A9e_d'un_train_en_gare_de_La_Ciotat.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"674\" data-attachment-id=\"1499\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/2-5-prijezd-vlaku-do-stanice-la-ciotat\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.5-%E2%80%94-Prijezd-vlaku-do-stanice-La-Ciotat.webp?fit=2000%2C1316&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1316\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Pr\u030ci\u0301jezd vlaku do stanice La Ciotat&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.5-%E2%80%94-Prijezd-vlaku-do-stanice-La-Ciotat.webp?fit=1024%2C674&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1499\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.5-%E2%80%94-Prijezd-vlaku-do-stanice-La-Ciotat.webp?resize=1024%2C674&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.5-%E2%80%94-Prijezd-vlaku-do-stanice-La-Ciotat.webp?resize=1024%2C674&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.5-%E2%80%94-Prijezd-vlaku-do-stanice-La-Ciotat.webp?resize=300%2C197&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.5-%E2%80%94-Prijezd-vlaku-do-stanice-La-Ciotat.webp?resize=150%2C99&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.5-%E2%80%94-Prijezd-vlaku-do-stanice-La-Ciotat.webp?resize=768%2C505&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.5-%E2%80%94-Prijezd-vlaku-do-stanice-La-Ciotat.webp?resize=1536%2C1011&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2.5-%E2%80%94-Prijezd-vlaku-do-stanice-La-Ciotat.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. Limits of the time<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Until recently, the first surviving original photograph in history was considered to be <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras\" target=\"_blank\">View from the Window at Le Gras<\/a><\/em> by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nic\u00e9phore_Ni\u00e9pce\" target=\"_blank\">Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e9pce<\/a> from 1826\u20131827. Recently it was beaten by a year by <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicphore_Nipce#\/media\/File:Nicphore_Nipce_Oldest_Photograph_1825.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Boy with a Horse<\/a><\/em> (1825), and then there is also <em><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Niepce_table.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Still life of a set table<\/a><\/em> (1823\u20131825). But there's a bit of boeuf bourguignon in that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The Still life of a set table would be considered the first known photograph (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heliography\" target=\"_blank\">heliograph<\/a>), if the original hadn't somehow gone missing. The current form is a 19th-century reproduction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The horseboy image is again an imprint of an older engraving. It is the first image created by photochemical means, but it is not a capture of reality nor an image from a camera. The first Xerox. Proof that light itself can draw an image.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The roofs of Le Gras are thus, in the judgment of my highly esteemed authority on world photography, the first true surviving photograph. The image was created by an eight-hour exposure on a pewter plate coated with an asphalt mixture. Today you commonly have 1\/8000s on your camera. That's more than 230 million times faster. And without asphalt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">As you can see, the first photographs looked similar to the first digital photographs. Man is driven by the desire for improvement, so it stands to reason that the dawn of the photographic craft was generally devoted to achieving perfection\u2014this fit into the emerging era of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Realism_(art_movement)\" target=\"_blank\">realism<\/a> and the effort for a faithful imprint of the world, for accuracy and objectivity. The stumbling block was the insufficient maturity of the technology of the time. The first <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Achromatic_lens\" target=\"_blank\">achromatic<\/a> designs were very simple little lenses suffering from all possible optical errors. Lens speed was more like lens slowness (at best ~f15) and sharpness wasn't exactly present either. Pictorialism was still far away, but already now photography was somehow blurrier\u2014not intentionally and beautifully, but accidentally and ugly. Realism was still more in the heart and mind, certainly not in the result. Photography softened as soon as it was born.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The heads of physicists therefore tried to crack the three most uncrackable nuts of the newly born photography: lens aperture, sharpness, and the largest and flattest possible coverage\u2014and how to combine and improve all of it. It didn't take long before the work succeeded.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery alignwide has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped is-style-rectangular wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hippolyte_Bayard#\/media\/Soubor:Hippolyte_Bayard_-_Drownedman_1840.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"963\" data-attachment-id=\"1503\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/3-4-sbohem-kruty-svete-hippolyte-bayard-1840\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.4-%E2%80%94-Sbohem-kruty-svete-%E2%80%94-Hippolyte-Bayard-1840.webp?fit=2000%2C1880&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1880\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Sbohem, kruty\u0301 sve\u030cte! \u2014 Hippolyte Bayard (1840)&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.4-%E2%80%94-Sbohem-kruty-svete-%E2%80%94-Hippolyte-Bayard-1840.webp?fit=1024%2C963&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1503\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.4-%E2%80%94-Sbohem-kruty-svete-%E2%80%94-Hippolyte-Bayard-1840.webp?resize=1024%2C963&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.4-%E2%80%94-Sbohem-kruty-svete-%E2%80%94-Hippolyte-Bayard-1840.webp?resize=1024%2C963&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.4-%E2%80%94-Sbohem-kruty-svete-%E2%80%94-Hippolyte-Bayard-1840.webp?resize=300%2C282&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.4-%E2%80%94-Sbohem-kruty-svete-%E2%80%94-Hippolyte-Bayard-1840.webp?resize=150%2C141&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.4-%E2%80%94-Sbohem-kruty-svete-%E2%80%94-Hippolyte-Bayard-1840.webp?resize=768%2C722&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.4-%E2%80%94-Sbohem-kruty-svete-%E2%80%94-Hippolyte-Bayard-1840.webp?resize=1536%2C1444&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.4-%E2%80%94-Sbohem-kruty-svete-%E2%80%94-Hippolyte-Bayard-1840.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Self Portrait as a Drowned Man\u2014Hippolyte Bayard (1840)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"861\" data-attachment-id=\"1500\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/3-1-pohled-z-okna-v-le-gras-puvodni-neupraveny-vzhled\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.1-%E2%80%94-Pohled-z-okna-v-Le-Gras-%E2%80%94-puvodni-neupraveny-vzhled.webp?fit=2000%2C1682&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1682\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Pohled z okna v Le Gras \u2014 Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e9pce (1826-1827). Pu\u030avodni\u0301 neupraveny\u0301 vzhled&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.1-%E2%80%94-Pohled-z-okna-v-Le-Gras-%E2%80%94-puvodni-neupraveny-vzhled.webp?fit=1024%2C861&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1500\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.1-%E2%80%94-Pohled-z-okna-v-Le-Gras-%E2%80%94-puvodni-neupraveny-vzhled.webp?resize=1024%2C861&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.1-%E2%80%94-Pohled-z-okna-v-Le-Gras-%E2%80%94-puvodni-neupraveny-vzhled.webp?resize=1024%2C861&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.1-%E2%80%94-Pohled-z-okna-v-Le-Gras-%E2%80%94-puvodni-neupraveny-vzhled.webp?resize=300%2C252&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.1-%E2%80%94-Pohled-z-okna-v-Le-Gras-%E2%80%94-puvodni-neupraveny-vzhled.webp?resize=150%2C126&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.1-%E2%80%94-Pohled-z-okna-v-Le-Gras-%E2%80%94-puvodni-neupraveny-vzhled.webp?resize=768%2C646&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.1-%E2%80%94-Pohled-z-okna-v-Le-Gras-%E2%80%94-puvodni-neupraveny-vzhled.webp?resize=1536%2C1292&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.1-%E2%80%94-Pohled-z-okna-v-Le-Gras-%E2%80%94-puvodni-neupraveny-vzhled.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">View from the Window at Le Gras\u2014Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e9pce (1826-1827). Original appearance<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Fox_Talbot#\/media\/File:Latticed_window_at_lacock_abbey_1835.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"785\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1504\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/3-5-arkyrove-okno-william-fox-talbot-1835\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.5-%E2%80%94-Arkyrove-okno-%E2%80%94-William-Fox-Talbot-1835.webp?fit=1533%2C2000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1533,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Arky\u0301r\u030cove\u0301 okno \u2014 William Fox Talbot (1835)&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.5-%E2%80%94-Arkyrove-okno-%E2%80%94-William-Fox-Talbot-1835.webp?fit=785%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1504\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.5-%E2%80%94-Arkyrove-okno-%E2%80%94-William-Fox-Talbot-1835.webp?resize=785%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.5-%E2%80%94-Arkyrove-okno-%E2%80%94-William-Fox-Talbot-1835.webp?resize=785%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 785w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.5-%E2%80%94-Arkyrove-okno-%E2%80%94-William-Fox-Talbot-1835.webp?resize=230%2C300&amp;ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.5-%E2%80%94-Arkyrove-okno-%E2%80%94-William-Fox-Talbot-1835.webp?resize=115%2C150&amp;ssl=1 115w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.5-%E2%80%94-Arkyrove-okno-%E2%80%94-William-Fox-Talbot-1835.webp?resize=768%2C1002&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.5-%E2%80%94-Arkyrove-okno-%E2%80%94-William-Fox-Talbot-1835.webp?resize=1177%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1177w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.5-%E2%80%94-Arkyrove-okno-%E2%80%94-William-Fox-Talbot-1835.webp?w=1533&amp;ssl=1 1533w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Latticed window at Lacock Abbey\u2014William Fox Talbot (1835)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boulevard_du_Temple_(fotografie)#\/media\/Soubor:Boulevard_du_Temple_by_Daguerre.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"736\" data-attachment-id=\"1501\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/3-2-boulevard-du-temple-louis-daguerre-1838\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.2-%E2%80%94-Boulevard-du-Temple-%E2%80%94-Louis-Daguerre-1838.webp?fit=2000%2C1437&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1437\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Boulevard du Temple \u2014 Louis Daguerre (1838)&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.2-%E2%80%94-Boulevard-du-Temple-%E2%80%94-Louis-Daguerre-1838.webp?fit=1024%2C736&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1501\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.2-%E2%80%94-Boulevard-du-Temple-%E2%80%94-Louis-Daguerre-1838.webp?resize=1024%2C736&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1501\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.2-%E2%80%94-Boulevard-du-Temple-%E2%80%94-Louis-Daguerre-1838.webp?resize=1024%2C736&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.2-%E2%80%94-Boulevard-du-Temple-%E2%80%94-Louis-Daguerre-1838.webp?resize=300%2C216&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.2-%E2%80%94-Boulevard-du-Temple-%E2%80%94-Louis-Daguerre-1838.webp?resize=150%2C108&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.2-%E2%80%94-Boulevard-du-Temple-%E2%80%94-Louis-Daguerre-1838.webp?resize=768%2C552&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.2-%E2%80%94-Boulevard-du-Temple-%E2%80%94-Louis-Daguerre-1838.webp?resize=1536%2C1104&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.2-%E2%80%94-Boulevard-du-Temple-%E2%80%94-Louis-Daguerre-1838.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Boulevard du Temple \u2014 Louis Daguerre (1838)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Peach_Robinson#\/media\/Soubor:Henry_Peach_Robinson,_Fading_Away,_1858.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"652\" data-attachment-id=\"1502\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/3-3-odchazeni-henry-peach-robinson-1858\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.3-%E2%80%94-Odchazeni-%E2%80%94-Henry-Peach-Robinson-1858.webp?fit=2000%2C1274&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1274\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Odcha\u0301zeni\u0301 \u2014 Henry Peach Robinson (1858)&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.3-%E2%80%94-Odchazeni-%E2%80%94-Henry-Peach-Robinson-1858.webp?fit=1024%2C652&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1502\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.3-%E2%80%94-Odchazeni-%E2%80%94-Henry-Peach-Robinson-1858.webp?resize=1024%2C652&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.3-%E2%80%94-Odchazeni-%E2%80%94-Henry-Peach-Robinson-1858.webp?resize=1024%2C652&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.3-%E2%80%94-Odchazeni-%E2%80%94-Henry-Peach-Robinson-1858.webp?resize=300%2C191&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.3-%E2%80%94-Odchazeni-%E2%80%94-Henry-Peach-Robinson-1858.webp?resize=150%2C96&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.3-%E2%80%94-Odchazeni-%E2%80%94-Henry-Peach-Robinson-1858.webp?resize=768%2C489&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.3-%E2%80%94-Odchazeni-%E2%80%94-Henry-Peach-Robinson-1858.webp?resize=1536%2C978&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3.3-%E2%80%94-Odchazeni-%E2%80%94-Henry-Peach-Robinson-1858.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fading Away\u2014Henry Peach Robinson (1858)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II. Triumph of perfection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">There's probably no need to introduce <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Petzval\" target=\"_blank\">Joseph Petzval<\/a>\u2014he created in 1840 the first mathematically calculated lens in the \nworld, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petzval_lens\" target=\"_blank\">Petzval.<\/a> It was a revolution in optics, sharpness and speed,\n which at f3.6 was something unseen until then. However, somewhat \nunjustly, an earlier giant is a bit forgotten, who just before Petzval \nsignificantly advanced usability and photography as a field\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/camera-wiki.org\/wiki\/Charles_Louis_Chevalier\" target=\"_blank\">Charles \nLouis Chevalier.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Charles\n Chevalier was playing with glass even before photography was \ndiscovered, and titans such as Ni\u00e9pce, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Daguerre\" target=\"_blank\">Daguerre,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Fox_Talbot\" target=\"_blank\">Talbot,<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hippolyte_Bayard\" target=\"_blank\">Bayard<\/a> \nworked with his lenses. Like others, he started simply and reached \nmore complex designs with better optical properties in the same year as \nPetzval. For the French academic society <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Socit_dencouragement_pour_lindustrie_nationale&amp;oldid=1364524266\" target=\"_blank\">SEIN<\/a> he presented his magnum \nopus, the double achromatic Verres Combines. It allowed changing focal \nlengths by swapping parts of the lens, and the speed improved by several\n orders of magnitude to f5. Its versatility and elegance impressed the \njury so much that Chevalier dominated the competition and won the \ncontest with a M\u00e9daille d'Or.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verres\n Combines was one of the first truly practical photographic lenses. \nCompared to his colleague, it was less sharp but more uniform across the\n field and more refined in rendering. Thanks to modularity, it could \nserve as both a landscape and portrait lens\u2014basically the first zoom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\n M\u00e9daille d'Or was the highest industrial award granted by French \nscientific and industrial commissions, which often rewarded \nunconventional approaches and progress.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In\n early evaluations by the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d'Encouragement, Chevalier's optics \nwere often considered technically superior to Petzval's design; however,\n the latter, thanks to extreme speed and better sharpness (albeit mostly\n away from the edges), ultimately dominated practice and the market. \nChevalier won the medal, Petzval won history.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One last major flaw remained to be cured\u2014a flat field of view\u2014and that took a long time to treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Lenses corrected for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bhphotovideo.com\/explora\/photography\/tips-and-solutions\/flat-field-lenses-and-why-they-matter-when-shooting-close-ups\" target=\"_blank\">flat field<\/a> bend the plane of focus less, and it has a smaller tendency to curve toward the edges\u2014the entire image is sharp and rendered within a single plane. They are very suitable for photographing multiple subjects at once and are essential, for example, in technical and reproduction photography.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Designs with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverdigitalphotography.com\/2015\/lens-problems-field-curvature\/\" target=\"_blank\">curved field<\/a> typically let the center stand out\u2014the farther from it, the steeper the falloff in sharpness and the harder it is to bring the edges into focus, even with stopping down. This behavior is typical for Petzval lenses and old meniscus optics. They are particularly suited for characterful portrait photography or more artistic genres, where achieving the most faithful reproduction of reality is not necessary. Once upon a time this was considered undesirable\u2014today it is exactly what people want.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Progress came in 1866, when <a href=\"https:\/\/camera-wiki.org\/wiki\/dallmeyer\" target=\"_blank\">Dallmeyer,<\/a> in parallel with the German <a href=\"https:\/\/camera-wiki.org\/wiki\/Steinheil\" target=\"_blank\">Steinheil,<\/a> introduced to the world the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rectilinear_lens\" target=\"_blank\">Rectilinear<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_Rectilinear\" target=\"_blank\">Rapid Rectilinear,<\/a> also known as the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aplanatic_lens\" target=\"_blank\">Aplanat.<\/a> A number of problems (spherical aberration, coma, distortion, size, weight) were practically solved, while others (astigmatism, field curvature, speed) not so much. The real breakthrough came with <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Rudolph_(physicist)\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Rudolph,<\/a> who in 1890 pulled the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anastigmat\" target=\"_blank\">Anastigmat<\/a> out of his pocket, and with the <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/jsasian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2016\/03\/L19_OPTI517_Protar_Lens.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Protar<\/a> (and later the <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/jsasian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2016\/03\/L22_OPTI517_Tessar_Dagor.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Dagor<\/a>), everything advanced (I know, I promised not to be dull, so if someone wants to dig deeper into this, let <a href=\"https:\/\/throughavintagelens.com\/2009\/09\/the-anastigmat-lens\/\" target=\"_blank\">someone else<\/a> bore you). Truly reproduction lenses came much later, but already now photographers could break the chains of creative limitation and, through the ground glass, see the ideal sought for over half a century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The journey, however, is often the destination, and after reaching it, many realize that they have long since outgrown the milestone they had achieved, and it no longer fulfills them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery alignwide has-nested-images columns-4 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leitz-auction.com\/en\/Charles-Chevalier-Photographe-a-Verres-Combines\/AI-16-19412\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"821\" data-attachment-id=\"1505\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/4-1-chevalier-verres-combines\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.1-%E2%80%94-Chevalier-Verres-Combines.webp?fit=2000%2C1603&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1603\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Chevalier Verres Combines&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.1-%E2%80%94-Chevalier-Verres-Combines.webp?fit=1024%2C821&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1505\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.1-%E2%80%94-Chevalier-Verres-Combines.webp?resize=1024%2C821&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1505\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.1-%E2%80%94-Chevalier-Verres-Combines.webp?resize=1024%2C821&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.1-%E2%80%94-Chevalier-Verres-Combines.webp?resize=300%2C240&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.1-%E2%80%94-Chevalier-Verres-Combines.webp?resize=150%2C120&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.1-%E2%80%94-Chevalier-Verres-Combines.webp?resize=768%2C616&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.1-%E2%80%94-Chevalier-Verres-Combines.webp?resize=1536%2C1231&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.1-%E2%80%94-Chevalier-Verres-Combines.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chevalier Verres Combines<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leitz-auction.com\/en\/Voigtlaender-Daguerreotype-Camera-1840\/AI-37-38485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" data-attachment-id=\"1506\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/4-2-voigtlander-daguerrotype-petzval\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.2-%E2%80%94-Voigtlander-Daguerrotype-Petzval.webp?fit=2000%2C1000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Voigtla\u0308nder Daguerrotype Petzval&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.2-%E2%80%94-Voigtlander-Daguerrotype-Petzval.webp?fit=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1506\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.2-%E2%80%94-Voigtlander-Daguerrotype-Petzval.webp?resize=1024%2C512&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.2-%E2%80%94-Voigtlander-Daguerrotype-Petzval.webp?resize=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.2-%E2%80%94-Voigtlander-Daguerrotype-Petzval.webp?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.2-%E2%80%94-Voigtlander-Daguerrotype-Petzval.webp?resize=150%2C75&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.2-%E2%80%94-Voigtlander-Daguerrotype-Petzval.webp?resize=768%2C384&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.2-%E2%80%94-Voigtlander-Daguerrotype-Petzval.webp?resize=1536%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.2-%E2%80%94-Voigtlander-Daguerrotype-Petzval.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Voigtla\u0308nder Daguerrotype Petzval<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leitz-auction.com\/en\/Steinheil-Aplanat-Lenses\/AI-14-17520\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"819\" data-attachment-id=\"1507\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/4-3-steinheil-aplanat\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.3-%E2%80%94-Steinheil-Aplanat.webp?fit=2000%2C1600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Steinheil Aplanat&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.3-%E2%80%94-Steinheil-Aplanat.webp?fit=1024%2C819&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1507\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.3-%E2%80%94-Steinheil-Aplanat.webp?resize=1024%2C819&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1507\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.3-%E2%80%94-Steinheil-Aplanat.webp?resize=1024%2C819&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.3-%E2%80%94-Steinheil-Aplanat.webp?resize=300%2C240&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.3-%E2%80%94-Steinheil-Aplanat.webp?resize=150%2C120&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.3-%E2%80%94-Steinheil-Aplanat.webp?resize=768%2C614&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.3-%E2%80%94-Steinheil-Aplanat.webp?resize=1536%2C1229&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.3-%E2%80%94-Steinheil-Aplanat.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Steinheil Aplanat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leitz-auction.com\/en\/Dallmeyer-15x12-Rapid-Rectilinear\/AI-27-32023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"819\" data-attachment-id=\"1508\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/4-4-dallmeyer-rapid-rectilinear\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.4-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Rapid-Rectilinear.webp?fit=2000%2C1600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Dallmeyer Rapid Rectilinear&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.4-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Rapid-Rectilinear.webp?fit=1024%2C819&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1508\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.4-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Rapid-Rectilinear.webp?resize=1024%2C819&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.4-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Rapid-Rectilinear.webp?resize=1024%2C819&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.4-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Rapid-Rectilinear.webp?resize=300%2C240&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.4-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Rapid-Rectilinear.webp?resize=150%2C120&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.4-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Rapid-Rectilinear.webp?resize=768%2C614&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.4-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Rapid-Rectilinear.webp?resize=1536%2C1229&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4.4-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Rapid-Rectilinear.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dallmeyer Rapid Rectilinear<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III. The aesthetics of error<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photography first could not be impeccable. Then it learned to be flawless. And then it decided it doesn't always want to be perfect. Soft photography did not arise in a single moment, but through an organic and gradual friction of at least three forces:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">A new fashionable era\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pictorialism\" target=\"_blank\">pictorialism<\/a> is a photographic style heavily inspired by painters, especially <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impressionism\" target=\"_blank\">Impressionism,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symbolism_(movement)\" target=\"_blank\">Symbolism<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tonalism\" target=\"_blank\">Tonalism.<\/a> I don't want to copy an encyclopedia here, but for the idea: photographs are often (not always!) characterized by a flowing, blurred, dreamlike appearance. They evoke imagination, pensiveness, melancholy, atmosphere and the spirit of the good old days (which of course will never return). Many other approaches strive for the most accurate depiction of reality and claim \"this is how it is.\" Here the center is mood and state of mind\u2014\"this is how I feel.\" The image becomes a carrier of state, light, and experience.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rebellion of artists\u2014when something becomes too popular, a countercurrent appears of people who stubbornly and viciously howl in favor of opposition. Reminds me of someone. Once photography could mercilessly reproduce every grain of reality, part of the authors rejected the role of a mechanical recorder and began searching instead for emotion, expression and intentional difference. Only once photography could be faithful could it afford to be deceptive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A byproduct\u2014what was originally a consequence of technical limitations gradually transformed into a consciously sought expressive tool. (Im)perfection transmuted into a new aesthetic ideology. Or, in other words, how to make a silk purse out of a sow's ear.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV. The problem of two kinds<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Flaws, in the name of beauty, began to be refined and cultivated. But similarly to <em>Homo sapiens<\/em> vs. <em>Homo neanderthalensis<\/em>, one path, although not worse, turned out to be a dead end. Everyone gets their turn, and the French drew the shorter straw. Any resemblance of the French to Neanderthals is purely coincidental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Since I am about as much an optician as a Pole is a highlander, I'll try to explain this as simply as it once had to be explained to me: there were two kinds of softness\u2014chromatic and spherical. Let's take <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chromatic_aberration\" target=\"_blank\">chromatic<\/a> first: light is a dumbass. It isn't just white, it's made of different colors, you just don't always see it. Take a look at the cover of Pink Floyd's&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon\" target=\"_blank\">The Dark Side of the Moon<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon\" target=\"_blank\">.<\/a>&nbsp;Each color bends differently\u2014red goes one way, blue focuses somewhere else, green decides to sit in between. Instead of meeting in one place, the colors gather like folks going for beer. Each ends up in a different pub, and the image is blurry as if they'd already come out. In color photography it's ugly\u2014it creates colored fringes, nobody wants that. In black and white it's not ugly, but nobody wants it either.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Now <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spherical_aberration\" target=\"_blank\">spherical:<\/a> the lens is a moron. Because it's curved, a ray hitting the center bends differently than one hitting the edge. One here, one there, contrast goes to hell, everything gets soft, scream cuts through the night. In chromatic aberration, colors can't agree where to meet; here, the lens can't decide where to send the light. It doesn't produce a colorful circus and is easier to control in use\u2014so you can probably guess that the one who eventually had to pack their bags and leave was chromatic aberration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:rem\">Lenses that use spherical aberration, unlike the other, evil one, hardly suffer from chemical focus shift. Some designs were not corrected for the full visible spectrum, so optical flaws played a significant role. The biggest problem was axial (longitudinal) chromatic aberration, which required focus corrections. Simply put: the image recorded by the photographic material, due to sensitivity to blue and UV light, was focused in a different plane than the image observed on the ground glass. The human eye perceives sharpness mainly in the yellow-green part of the spectrum. In modern panchromatic films this problem is largely suppressed, but in orthochromatic materials, collodion and other blue-sensitive techniques, it can still be relevant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-small-font-size is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Don't click!<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\" style=\"font-size:clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.667), 1.3rem);\">And pst, psst\u2014neither of these optical bastards ever gave up! These Cinderellas, mocked for a century and a half, still lives and annoys from the shadows. Spherical aberration is occasionally and deliberately used in soft-focus lenses. And chromatic aberration\u2014that's a true, indestructible partisan. Everyone tries to drive it out of modern lenses, but it never fully disappears. Never. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/They_shall_not_pass\" target=\"_blank\"><em>\u00a1No pasar\u00e1n!<\/a><\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;galleryId&quot;:&quot;6a62e9011b07c&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/gallery\" class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a62e9011b6b0&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a62e9011b6b0\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"732\" data-attachment-id=\"1509\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/5-ukazka-chromaticke-vady-v-pozadi\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5-%E2%80%94-Ukazka-chromaticke-vady-v-pozadi.webp?fit=2000%2C1429&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1429\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Uka\u0301zka chromaticke\u0301 vady v pozadi\u0301&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5-%E2%80%94-Ukazka-chromaticke-vady-v-pozadi.webp?fit=1024%2C732&amp;ssl=1\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"1509\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5-%E2%80%94-Ukazka-chromaticke-vady-v-pozadi.webp?resize=1024%2C732&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5-%E2%80%94-Ukazka-chromaticke-vady-v-pozadi.webp?resize=1024%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5-%E2%80%94-Ukazka-chromaticke-vady-v-pozadi.webp?resize=300%2C214&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5-%E2%80%94-Ukazka-chromaticke-vady-v-pozadi.webp?resize=150%2C107&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5-%E2%80%94-Ukazka-chromaticke-vady-v-pozadi.webp?resize=768%2C549&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5-%E2%80%94-Ukazka-chromaticke-vady-v-pozadi.webp?resize=1536%2C1097&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5-%E2%80%94-Ukazka-chromaticke-vady-v-pozadi.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An example of chromatic aberration in the background<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a62e9011bdf2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a62e9011bdf2\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1510\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/6-rude-laserove-oci-vola-zaostri-jinam-nez-zelene-kravy-v-pozadi-sfericka-vada\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-%E2%80%94-Rude-laserove-oci-vola-zaostri-jinam-nez-zelene-kravy.-V-pozadi-sfericka-vada.webp?fit=2000%2C2000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Rude\u0301 laserove\u0301 oc\u030ci vola zaostr\u030ci\u0301 jinam nez\u030c zelene\u0301 kra\u0301vy. V pozadi\u0301 sfe\u0301ricka\u0301 vada&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-%E2%80%94-Rude-laserove-oci-vola-zaostri-jinam-nez-zelene-kravy.-V-pozadi-sfericka-vada.webp?fit=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"1510\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-%E2%80%94-Rude-laserove-oci-vola-zaostri-jinam-nez-zelene-kravy.-V-pozadi-sfericka-vada.webp?resize=1024%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1510\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-%E2%80%94-Rude-laserove-oci-vola-zaostri-jinam-nez-zelene-kravy.-V-pozadi-sfericka-vada.webp?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-%E2%80%94-Rude-laserove-oci-vola-zaostri-jinam-nez-zelene-kravy.-V-pozadi-sfericka-vada.webp?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-%E2%80%94-Rude-laserove-oci-vola-zaostri-jinam-nez-zelene-kravy.-V-pozadi-sfericka-vada.webp?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-%E2%80%94-Rude-laserove-oci-vola-zaostri-jinam-nez-zelene-kravy.-V-pozadi-sfericka-vada.webp?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-%E2%80%94-Rude-laserove-oci-vola-zaostri-jinam-nez-zelene-kravy.-V-pozadi-sfericka-vada.webp?resize=1536%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6-%E2%80%94-Rude-laserove-oci-vola-zaostri-jinam-nez-zelene-kravy.-V-pozadi-sfericka-vada.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The ox's red laser eyes will focus elsewhere than the cow's green laser eyes. Spherical aberration in the background.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:0\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The French pilgrimage of chromaticity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Soft-focus lenses intentionally based on chromatic aberration were few, scarce and rare. Most disappeared with the arrival of color photography, because that colorful mess on the edges was apparently not desirable. And just like then, today they are, as they say in Afrikaans, <em>So skaars soos hoendertande<\/em>\u2014rare as hen's teeth. The people of the Gallic rooster always went their own way, so most of these had no lineage somewhere else. If you want to play with chromatic softness, look for Berthiot Color, Boyer Opale or Puyo\/Pulligny. Good luck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">The most famous of them was the <em>Objectif Anachromatique d'Artiste<\/em> by the duo Puyo\/Pulligny. The history of this brassy tube is exceptionally tangled\u2014I'll try to shed light on it in another article. Behind it stood the hardcorely soft-minded <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constant_Puyo\" target=\"_blank\">Commandant Puyo,<\/a> who really wanted it. So he teamed up with optical nerd <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Leclerc_de_Pulligny\" target=\"_blank\">Jean Pulligny<\/a>&nbsp;who designed it, and then they turned to Alphonse Darlot who built it. Production later expanded and various offshoots appeared\u2014M.G.O.&nbsp;(<em>Manufacture G\u00e9n\u00e9rale d'Optique<\/em>), Derogy, Gaumont, Turillon &amp; Morin etc. They usually had a correction scale for focus shift and were modular\u2014the front element used a bayonet instead of a thread, allowing easy swapping of focal lengths. The lens thus resembled so-called casket sets or early zooms. Finding one is not easy. Finding one complete with all focal lenghts is <em>not easy.<\/em> If you speak a language where nothing is pronounced as written, go read more <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.cz\/books\/about\/Les_objectifs_d_artiste.html?id=A1wS0QEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y\" target=\"_blank\">here.<\/a> Hon hon Gaston, omelette du fromage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Either way, <em>one path, though not worse, proved to be a dead end.<\/em> Chromatic error died, spherical fault took the throne. The aberration is dead\u2014long live the aberration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;galleryId&quot;:&quot;6a62e9011c772&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/gallery\" class=\"wp-block-gallery alignwide has-nested-images columns-4 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a62e9011ccef&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a62e9011ccef\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1511\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/7-1-m-g-o-puyo-pulligny\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.1-%E2%80%94-M.G.O.-Puyo-Pulligny.webp?fit=1600%2C2000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;M.G.O. Puyo\/Pulligny&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.1-%E2%80%94-M.G.O.-Puyo-Pulligny.webp?fit=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"1511\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.1-%E2%80%94-M.G.O.-Puyo-Pulligny.webp?resize=819%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.1-%E2%80%94-M.G.O.-Puyo-Pulligny.webp?resize=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 819w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.1-%E2%80%94-M.G.O.-Puyo-Pulligny.webp?resize=240%2C300&amp;ssl=1 240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.1-%E2%80%94-M.G.O.-Puyo-Pulligny.webp?resize=120%2C150&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.1-%E2%80%94-M.G.O.-Puyo-Pulligny.webp?resize=768%2C960&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.1-%E2%80%94-M.G.O.-Puyo-Pulligny.webp?resize=1229%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1229w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.1-%E2%80%94-M.G.O.-Puyo-Pulligny.webp?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">M.G.O. Puyo\/Pulligny<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a62e9011d3f4&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a62e9011d3f4\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1512\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/7-2-vystup-z-m-g-o-puyopulligny\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-M.G.O.-PuyoPulligny.webp?fit=1600%2C2000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Vy\u0301stup z M.G.O. Puyo\/Pulligny&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-M.G.O.-PuyoPulligny.webp?fit=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"1512\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-M.G.O.-PuyoPulligny.webp?resize=819%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-M.G.O.-PuyoPulligny.webp?resize=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 819w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-M.G.O.-PuyoPulligny.webp?resize=240%2C300&amp;ssl=1 240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-M.G.O.-PuyoPulligny.webp?resize=120%2C150&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-M.G.O.-PuyoPulligny.webp?resize=768%2C960&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-M.G.O.-PuyoPulligny.webp?resize=1229%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1229w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-M.G.O.-PuyoPulligny.webp?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Output from M.G.O. Puyo\/Pulligny<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a62e9011db11&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a62e9011db11\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"819\" data-attachment-id=\"1513\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/8-1-dallmeyer-bergheim-no-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.1-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.2.webp?fit=2000%2C1600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Dallmeyer Bergheim No.2&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.1-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.2.webp?fit=1024%2C819&amp;ssl=1\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"1513\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.1-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.2.webp?resize=1024%2C819&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.1-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.2.webp?resize=1024%2C819&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.1-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.2.webp?resize=300%2C240&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.1-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.2.webp?resize=150%2C120&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.1-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.2.webp?resize=768%2C614&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.1-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.2.webp?resize=1536%2C1229&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.1-%E2%80%94-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.2.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dallmeyer Bergheim No.2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a62e9011e1fe&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a62e9011e1fe\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1514\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/when-did-photography-go-soft\/8-2-vystup-z-dallmeyer-bergheim\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-Dallmeyer-Bergheim.webp?fit=1600%2C2000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Vy\u0301stup z Dallmeyer Bergheim&lt;\/p&gt;\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-Dallmeyer-Bergheim.webp?fit=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"1514\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-Dallmeyer-Bergheim.webp?resize=819%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-Dallmeyer-Bergheim.webp?resize=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 819w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-Dallmeyer-Bergheim.webp?resize=240%2C300&amp;ssl=1 240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-Dallmeyer-Bergheim.webp?resize=120%2C150&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-Dallmeyer-Bergheim.webp?resize=768%2C960&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-Dallmeyer-Bergheim.webp?resize=1229%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1229w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8.2-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-Dallmeyer-Bergheim.webp?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Output from Dallmeyer Bergheim<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Anglo-American path of sphericity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">This train was started by Dallmeyer with his innovative <a href=\"https:\/\/contrastique.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/the-history-of-petzval-lenses.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Patent Portrait<\/a> series. He took the original Petzval, shuffled the rear elements a bit, tweaked it and voil\u00e0\u2014by rotating the rear element, one could now control spherical aberration and thus soft focus. It wasn't the main purpose, more of a bonus, but it didn't matter. The foundation stone was laid and chaos ensued.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Gradually, more types, variations, copies, improvements and fixes appeared\u2014the Earth spun and lenses spuns. Women, children, everyone frantically twisting rear elements and reality went soft. And once again it was Dallmeyer who, toward the end of the century, stoked into the locomotive's boiler. The Dallmeyer Bergheim saw the light of day. <a href=\"https:\/\/luminous-lint.com\/phoenix.php\/photographers\/single\/J_S__Bergheim\/\" target=\"_blank\">John Simeon Bergheim,<\/a> a mining engineer, painter and photographer, was the impulse behind the first lens in history deliberately designed for pictorialism. A visionary whose work became a bridge between two originally opposed crafts\u2014the brotherhood of the brush shook hands with the guild of the bellows. Ideas merged and love reigned. History nearly forgot him, but that doesn't change the fact that the name <em>Bergheim<\/em> will not be erased from books nor scraped off lenses. Ladies and gentlemen, I don't mean to offend, but how many of us can say the same?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The lens itself is extraordinarily peculiar. It achieved its desired look through the cooperation of both defects\u2014chromatic and spherical\u2014and most models had variable and very long focal lengths. It was also a telephoto design, so focusing did not require such a long bellows. Given the extreme focal lengths, that was quite useful. It suffers from focus shift, aperture changes with focal length, the aperture scale isn't standard, focusing is extremely difficult\u2026 The interplay of all this makes it the most complicated lens I've encountered so far\u2014before I took my first photo with it, I managed to get soaked, dry off, and get soaked again.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-autoplay=\"true\" data-delay=\"3\" data-effect=\"slide\" style=\"--aspect-ratio:calc(819 \/ 1024)\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-1515\" data-id=\"1515\" data-aspect-ratio=\"819 \/ 1024\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.1-%E2%80%94-TTH-Rapid-View-a-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.1.webp?resize=819%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.1-%E2%80%94-TTH-Rapid-View-a-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.1.webp?resize=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 819w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.1-%E2%80%94-TTH-Rapid-View-a-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.1.webp?resize=240%2C300&amp;ssl=1 240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.1-%E2%80%94-TTH-Rapid-View-a-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.1.webp?resize=120%2C150&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.1-%E2%80%94-TTH-Rapid-View-a-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.1.webp?resize=768%2C960&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.1-%E2%80%94-TTH-Rapid-View-a-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.1.webp?resize=1229%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1229w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.1-%E2%80%94-TTH-Rapid-View-a-Dallmeyer-Bergheim-No.1.webp?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">TTH Rapid View and Dallmeyer Bergheim No.1<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-1516\" data-id=\"1516\" data-aspect-ratio=\"819 \/ 1024\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.2-%E2%80%94-Sundate-li-tubus-TTH-je-toto-male-sklicko-cely-ten-zazrak.webp?resize=819%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.2-%E2%80%94-Sundate-li-tubus-TTH-je-toto-male-sklicko-cely-ten-zazrak.webp?resize=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 819w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.2-%E2%80%94-Sundate-li-tubus-TTH-je-toto-male-sklicko-cely-ten-zazrak.webp?resize=240%2C300&amp;ssl=1 240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.2-%E2%80%94-Sundate-li-tubus-TTH-je-toto-male-sklicko-cely-ten-zazrak.webp?resize=120%2C150&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.2-%E2%80%94-Sundate-li-tubus-TTH-je-toto-male-sklicko-cely-ten-zazrak.webp?resize=768%2C960&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.2-%E2%80%94-Sundate-li-tubus-TTH-je-toto-male-sklicko-cely-ten-zazrak.webp?resize=1229%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1229w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.2-%E2%80%94-Sundate-li-tubus-TTH-je-toto-male-sklicko-cely-ten-zazrak.webp?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">If you take apart the TTH tube, this little glass piece is the whole secret<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-1517\" data-id=\"1517\" data-aspect-ratio=\"819 \/ 1024\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.3-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-TTH-Rapid-View.webp?resize=819%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.3-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-TTH-Rapid-View.webp?resize=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 819w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.3-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-TTH-Rapid-View.webp?resize=240%2C300&amp;ssl=1 240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.3-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-TTH-Rapid-View.webp?resize=120%2C150&amp;ssl=1 120w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.3-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-TTH-Rapid-View.webp?resize=768%2C960&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.3-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-TTH-Rapid-View.webp?resize=1229%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1229w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9.3-%E2%80%94-Vystup-z-TTH-Rapid-View.webp?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Output from TTH Rapid View<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So we have softness as a bonus, softness as a purpose, and\u2026 what about softness as an accident? Allow me to introduce the Taylor, Taylor &amp; Hobson Rapid View. This almost forgotten piece from the second half of the century of electricity was just one of many simple, cheap landscape lenses. No fanfare, no expectations. A simple, largely uncorrected rear element, aperture in front, terrible speed around f11, so so sharpness. The optical fairies were having a bad day. But then it turned out that if you unscrew a small tube and expose the bare glass, the speed increases and the lens goes crazy. From an average landscape lens it suddenly becomes a radical soft-focus lens\u2014delicate rendering, magical 3D effect, low price, tiny size. My 325mm version, once disassembled, is only a few centimeters long\u2014hard to believe it covers an 8x10 format.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The company shamelessly capitalized on this unexpected success and later released the Rapid View Portrait\u2014essentially the same lens, just with modified housing and expanded aperture mechanism. Higher speed, no need to disassemble anything. The little thing turned its handicap into an advantage and successfully evolved. Someone at headquarters was probably popping champagne.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Non-epilogue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">The past of artistic photography reminds me of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dialectic#Hegelian_dialectic\" target=\"_blank\">Hegel's dialectical system<\/a>\u2014history sometimes moves forward only through the clash of opposites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thesis\u2014dreams of flawless photography. It must be perfect. Forward!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Antithesis\u2014a split and apparent retreat. Perfection is suddenly sought in imperfection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Synthesis\u2014the realization that the ideal is achievable, but not always desirable. It is a matter of choice and sometimes coexistence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">Like many other movements, even this one experienced rise, peak and fall. Its popularity soared, until dreamy ornamentation was brutally cut short by the harsh reality of World War I. Afterward, photographic impressionism sang its <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swan_song\" target=\"_blank\">swan song,<\/a> but briefly. So perhaps it would be fitting to carve an epitaph on the tombstone of pictorial photography and finally ask, when soft photography died:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Never. Never!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soon.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":280845872,"featured_media":1494,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"slim_seo":{"description":"Photography spent decades chasing perfection, only to discover that imperfection could be even more beautiful.","title":"Kdy fotografie vym\u011bkly? - Negativ na cest\u00e1ch"},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[790169498],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-travel"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/negativnacestach.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1-The-Clarence-White-Family-in-Maine-%E2%80%94-Gertrude-Kasebier.webp?fit=1609%2C2000&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/phj9fI-o5","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/280845872"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1493"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2654,"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1493\/revisions\/2654"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/negativnacestach.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}