Category: Cameras

Utrpení tříbí charakter — a když si hodíte na bedra tyto stroje, charakter z vás bude přímo prýštit. Pot teda taky. Možná i slzy. Titáni vyvanulých časů důstojně čnící nade vší fototechnikou dneška a kolosy lámající stativy a páteře těch, co je nosí.

  • Sinar S1

    Sinar S1

    The Sinar brand is synonymous with Swiss precision and, along with Arca Swiss and Alpa, belongs to the photographic triquetry and holy trinity of large-format cameras from the land of cogged railways and melted cheese. The word is an acronym for "Still, Industrial, Nature, Architectural and Reproduction photography."

    • The birth of Sinar dates back to 1879, when Carl August Koch finally found himself in the best art in the world, photography of course.
    • Je to k nevíře, ale všechny tři firmy stále existují a věnují se stále stejnému řemeslu, tzn. produkci špičkové fotografické techniky, optiky a související veteše. A jedno mají stále společné – abyste si od nich mohli něco pořídit, musíte prodat babičku, dědečka, po jednom z každého párového orgánu a registrovat se na OnlyFans.
    • Pojem „švýcarská svatá trojice“ se obvykle vztahuje ke třem neotřesitelným pilířům jiného odvětví – hodinářství. Označuje tři nejdůležitější tradiční firmy – Patek Phillipe, Audemars Piguet a Vacheron Constantin. Pro pořízení hodinek z jejich portfolia platí to co výše, jen musíte přihodit ještě mámu s tátou.

    Main focus of Sinar has always been on large-format optical bench cameras, mostly used in studios or architectural photography, where their full potential can be used through their movements. You can find out what is a field camera and what is a monorail in my previous article, I offer a basic excerpt below.

    • The term "movements" means the deflection of the front and rear standards in different directions and angles. Each movement has its own name (tilt, shift, swing, slide, rise, etc.) and serves a different purpose—to correct parallax, vertical lines correction, play with depth of field, focus/defocus only parts of the image, and other nice little thingies. The possibilities are far-reaching, and mastering them will open up whole new universes of photography. The undisputed kings of motion are monorail cameras, whose design allows for much more dramatic degrees of movement than field or press cameras. But even these can show off. I recommend a comprehensive and illustrative article here.

    První důležitý výkop do světa obrázků nastal s Alpinou – linie budoucnosti byly načrtnuty, ale stále bylo co zlepšovat. Nevýhodou byla tehdy ještě nemodulárnost příslušenství a atypická konstrukce (například tyče, která nebyla typicky Sinaří a zaměnitelná s následujícími modely). Malým krůčkem pro svět a velkým skokem pro fotografy byla Norma. Zde už šlo o plnokrevný model s jasně rozpoznatelnou DNA Sinaru a hromadou příslušenství na všechny formáty. Vyrobeno z kovu a litiny, nezničitelné a těžké – přesto poměrně kompaktní. Následovaly modely jako:

    • P (precise) – převážně do ateliéru. Byly větší, těžší a robustnější s důrazem na maximální míru pohybů a preciznosti.
    • F (field) – k použití v plenéru. Konstrukce byla odlehčená a s menší mírou dostupných pohybů (stále však vysoce nadstandardních).
    • C a X – hybridy předchozích dvou či „očesanější“ levnější verze.

    Největší devízou všech řad s výjimkou Alpiny je však maximální modulárnost a vzájemná zaměnitelnost doplňků. Až na vzácné výjimky vám nic nebrání v sestavení aparátu složeného z Normy, P verze či o desítky let novější F2 varianty – bude to sedět a sestávat dle vašich potřeb a preferencí. Jde tedy o takové fotoLego s širokou plejádou různorodého harampádí okolo.

    Upozornění pro slabší jedince – následující řádky mohou obsahovat stopové množství vychloubání se!

    Pozorný čtenář se však po Vánocích drbe rozpaky na čtvrté bradě a všímá si, že jedna verze chybí – a má pravdu. Snad bych to ani nebyl já, abych neulítával na divnověcech a neměl něco speciálního – a to doslova. Mnou používaná verze je značena S (special). Sloužila k vědeckým a kopírovacím účelům a počet vyrobených kusů by na prstech jedný ruky spočítal zpomalený zastánce novoročních petard.

    The differences are obvious at first glance—the front and rear standards are significantly lighter and almost free of movements. The front one allows only rise/fall (and has a different locking mechanism to the rod compared to the newer versions) and the rear one has only precise focusing. Normally the unit was mounted on a moving base (like the enlarger) with lights (Polaroid MP-4) in a vertical plane and used to photograph subjects. However, nothing prevents it from being used like any other camera for normal use. Pros and cons are obvious—limited movements but very low weight of 5,08kg, which surpasses even many folding cameras (however, nothing is lost on stability and I use it without any problem even with very heavy lenses). Those who are bothered by the lack of movements can replace the standards with another version thanks to interchangeability.

    Velkou výhodou je i odnímatelná základna pro zadní standardu, která se dá odšroubovat a v rukách tak máte skladný rám a apartní obdélníček. Nezanedbatelná to přednost oproti jiným verzím, kde je obé spojeno vedví a nejde snadno a rychle demontovat (P verze touto fičurkou disponuje, ale tam jsou nosiče standard o hodně větší, těžší a složitější). Třeba pro mne zcela zásadní při skládání do batohu a tahání po všech ďasech – těch deset čísel navíc už sem v batohu nevykouzlil a proto jsem se s Normou rozešel v dobrém.

    • The only materials I have obtained are directly from the Sinar HQ and I am attaching those in the article. Treat them with respect and discretion—possession of these documents will bring you into the large format noble elite and you'll have to chase the girls away with a tripod.

    Přiložené materiály však člověku znalému Sinařího ekosystému způsobují údiv a niterný otřes, neboť je zde vidět binokulární reflexní hledáček ve variantě 8×10″! Drtivá většina lidí o něm nikdy neslyšela a ten zbytek soudí, že nikdy neexistoval a zůstal jen na návrzích a ve vlhkých snech. Nicméně vás vyvedu z temnot – existoval a využíval jsem ho. V téhle fázi už jsem pomalu nemohl ani venku projít a na rozhánění vdavek chtivých davů použít stativy dva.

    • Občas se můžete setkat se samo-domo verzemi zbastlenými doma na koleni nebo hledáčky ze systému Toyo – ten je se Sinarem většinově zaměnitelný a občas, byť velmi vzácně, se objeví. Toto je však originál.

    Unlike the regular 4x5" version it was not intended for portrait use in a horizontal position, but a vertical one—in tandem with the aforementioned Polaroid MP-4 accessory, you looked into it from above (it also lacked a flip-up magnifier—so it is a very simple accessory consisting only of plastic and a mirror). The binocular was not perched at an obtuse angle like the smaller version, but at a sharp angle—so you need to be quite tall for normal comfortable use, but even so it's not quite right. The official name "Special copying focusing hood" already suggests something.

    Až vám bude někdo tvrdit, že kardany jsou ateliérové aparáty nevhodné pro použití v plenéru, je vhodné odvětit – no a? Nenechte se zastrašit dobrými radami a místo nich tvrďte páteř a třibte vůli.

    Závěrem roku i článku mi odpusťte špetku vzletných rad a patetických frází: foťte! Malujte, skládejte, hněťte a veršujte! Nedejte se zviklat nezdary a zahálkou, času není nazbyt. Chyby se budou vršit, neúspěchy stupňovat. Nic však netrvá navěky a noc je nejtemnější před úsvitem. Mistr D. A. to řekl lépe než já kdy svedu.

     "Your soul is plagued with cowardice, which many times so weighs a man down, it turns him back from noble enterprise - as a trick of sight will make a beast recoil."  [Dante Alighieri. The Divine Comedy. Translated by Allen Mandelbaum, Bantam Books, 1980.]

    I wish you as many large format negatives as possible in the coming year and the many years to come. Per aspera ad astra.

  • M.P.P. mk. VI

    M.P.P. mk. VI

    M.P.P., or Micro Precision Products, was a British manufacturer of optical accessories that dabbled in several related industries.

    • The company was founded as early as 1941 and passed away in 1982, rest in peace (it had a slightly changed name since 1976).
    • As well as large format monorail, field and press cameras not dissimilar to the American Graflex (read previous article!), the company also developed successful medium format cameras, namely the double-eyed Microcords, Microflex etc (the only post-war company in Britain to produce medium format TLRs!). But they also flirted with enlargers, projectors and other related things.
    • TLRs (twin-lens reflex cameras) were also fitted with top-quality optics, e.g. from Ross or Taylor, Taylor & Hobson. Yum yum!

    However, we won't torture the kind reader with the details of the portfolio from this British photographic national treasure and we'll jump to the protagonist of today's article. The Micro Technical Camera is the name of this box, here specifically in the (mark/mk.) VI subtype for 4x5" format that saw the light of day in 1952.

    • There were six types, marked I (1948) - VIII (1963). Versions IV and V were not produced and so these numbers were skipped for some undoubtedly sophisticated reason.

    These were almost certainly the most advanced machines of this type ever produced in the British Isles, boasting, moreover, very good workmanship. Each successive version was an evolution of the previous one, and all had common denominators: light weight, small size and versatility.

    Showcase of M.P.P. camera products
    Sample of products of the company

    These versions, unlike their reportage siblings (Micro-Press), did not feature a built-in shutter, thus necessitating the use of lenses with integrated shutters—the consolation being the rather generous hole in the front standard, which could accommodate even the more obese lenses. However, there was no lack of a rangefinder (you'll find out what a rangefinder is from my brilliant description in the previous article) and a flip-up sports viewfinder with a frame at the top. In addition, the rangefinder could be calibrated with small metal slices to different lens focal lengths—for which there was an indication at the base. A nice little handy detail.

    • The sports viewfinder or sportsfinder is used to quickly frame a scene without having to delay using the optical viewfinder or the waist-level finder. The time is selected, the shutter is cocked, pre-focused to infinity and you just blink into the sportsfinder and snap! Some frames and masks even had different focal lengths pre-drawn so you knew exactly what you were aiming at straight away. Quick and efficient. These features made sports viewfinders applicable, now take a breath, when shooting sports.

    Where the mk. dominated, however, were the uncompromising movement options for a folding camera. Apart from the obligatory ones on the front standard, the base could be negatively tilted or the rear section with the bellows additionally extended. This de facto allowed movements even on the rear side or to extend the bellows lift and thus allow the use of longer focal length lenses to satisfy the tastes of portraitists or tele-photographers.

    • The term "movements" means the deflection of the front and rear standards in different directions and angles. Each movement has its own name (tilt, shift, swing, slide, rise, etc.) and serves a different purpose—to correct parallax, vertical lines correction, play with depth of field, focus/defocus only parts of the image, and other nice little thingies. The possibilities are far-reaching, and mastering them will open up whole new universes of photography. The undisputed king of motion are monorail cameras, whose design allows for much more dramatic degrees of movement than field or press cameras. But even these can show off. I recommend a comprehensive and illustrative article here.

    Together with the versatility, the weight (which is around three kilos) and the dimensions, where the camera folds down into an apart square, it is a truly universal and travel-friendly camera (readers with APS-C cameras and similar palm-size funny thingies, please stay calm!). However, I can't fail to mention the solid craftsmanship, consisting mostly of metal—which, besides great durability, also increases the wearer's defensiveness. Thanks to the integrated leather grip, you can stretch out quite solidly and you'll be commanding appropriate respect during evening wanderings through the lands. More advanced warriors can equip themselves with a tripod in their second hand and double their defensive-attack radius. So, good fight and good light!

  • Graflex Pacemaker Crown Graphic

    Graflex Pacemaker Crown Graphic

    You're a reporter in the US in the twentieth century and you're wondering what kind of camera you should get. Actually, you don't have to. Graflex. Done, solved.

    Unless you planned to be a mumbling weirdo, having a need to always go against everything popular (hello Pentaxists and my reflection in the mirror), there was almost no reason to get anything other than a Graflex—a company that dominated the industry between 1912 and 1973.

    • The company itself, of course, has been around much longer than that—dating back to 1887, but cameras were still more of a sideline. That changed in 1909, when the company was swallowed up by the behemoth of photography, Kodak (not to be confused with Kodiak, as Wikipedia so innocently warns us).
    • Modelů a variant bylo mnoho a ještě více – dokonce i středoformáty, velkoformátové kardany či kinofilmové přístroje – ale ty nikdy nedosáhly takového věhlasu.

    The first time Graflex bared its fangs was before it was eaten by Kodiak, sorry, absorbed by Kodak, with the production of the unique SLR Graflex. It had a folding mirror, you looked into it from above and it looked pretty obscure. However, it had a built-in shutter and you could use almost any lens on it. Quite innovative and decades ahead of its time.

    In 1912, Graflex maxed the volume and the Speed Graphic saw the light of day. The benefits were far-reaching: compact size, low weight, in addition to a ground glass for focusing, a coupled rangefinder, flash compatibility and an internal shutter.

    • Dálkoměr je vehement pro ostření, kdy koukáte do hledáčku s dvěma obrazy toho, co fotíte, a výtahem měchu či otáčením objektivu se obrazy sbíhají a ve chvíli, kdy se překryjí, je zaostřeno (představte si to, jako když šilháte a postupně přestáváte). Rychlé, přesné, efektivní. Používaly se tři typy – Graflex, Kalart a Hugo Meyer.
    • Blesk byl pro novináře esenciální. Dovoloval fotit i za zhoršených světelných podmínek a na rychlé expoziční časy a krom reportérů se uchytil i jinde – u policie. Zvěčňoval mj. místa činu, důkazy či třeba mrtvoly při pitvách.
    • Zabudovaná interní závěrka sestávala z plátna a voliče tenze, kdy se natahováním volilo napětí a tedy rychlost, jakou plátýnko proběhne – tedy expoziční čas. Nejvyšší rychlost byla 1/1000s (slovy – jedna tisícina sekundy!) a do dnešních dob je to na závěrku takových rozměrů nepřekonaná hodnota.
    Historical photograph of a 5×7 Press Graflex SLR camera
    5×7″ SLR Press Graflex

    The presence of a built-in shutter allowed, as in the SLR version, to use almost any lens (you were limited only by size and focal length), but versions without it were also produced. These were, for example, the Century Graphic or Crown Graphic—which I tried in the Pacemaker 4x5" version with the Ektar 127mm f4.7 lens in the shutter. It's a machine that's almost unrivalled in its category, but we didn't exactly match—it's a machine designed for fast work, and something else suits my deliberate lazy pace better. Nevertheless, to this day these machines are still very popular (and also occasionally someone will murder them and gut the integrated shutter to use elsewhere—not that I haven't thought of doing the same, but I haven't had the heart yet).

    Graflex press camera with side-mounted flashgun, highlighting the detachable Graflex flash handle
    • Graflex has had a number of interesting inventions and firsts in its rich history—in addition to the Graflok mounting standard and the Grafmatic holder. In this you could insert up to six sheets of film and quickly change sheets by "rewinding" the sheet cover (a metal plate that protects the film from the light). The advantages are obvious—you only carry one holder instead of six, and changing the sheets you shot was lightning fast. Almost a matter of life and death for the journalist.
    • In 1977, the first movie in the Star Wars franchise was released and the iconic lightsabers are nothing more than a flash holder from a Graphic camera. The budget wasn't inflatable, so they went hunting in junk shops. When you take pictures with it, you can console yourself with the fact that you're only slightly less cool than Luke Skywalker or Darth Vader. May the Force be with you.
  • FKD

    FKD

    USSR, the land of mud and wooden spoons, spent several decades churning out its one and only line of wooden cameras: the FKD (I could feel it in my bones that this acronym meant something, but I couldn't dig it up. Fucking Klunky Device maybe?).

    • Update: turns out the bones didn't lie. A friend pointed out that it really does stand for something: ФКД—фотокамера дорожная—literally road camera or simply a travel wooden photo brick.
    • The design follows the classic and timeless tradition of German Reisekameras, made since the 1860s, with their final Soviet iteration being the FKD that lasted into the 1980s. They were produced in sizes from 13×18cm up to 30×40cm (the largest, however, wasn't foldable and was labeled FKP/ФКП, intended more for studio or repro work). I could feel it in my bones...

    In any case, this was the magnum opus of Soviet photo-carpentry, fitted with a basic Industar 210mm f4.5 lens—both light and compact enough to actually fulfill the whole "portable" thing. The camera often came with a stylistically matching tripod and film holders, sometimes even a travel case (what the Kharkov factory hath joined together, let no man put asunder!). And like everything Soviet, it was manufactured in the millions, which, compared to other makers, is still pleasantly reflected in the price today.

    Which, unfortunately, is more or less where the positives come to an end. Finding a holder that is light-tight and doesn't leak is not so easy (or "flow," depending on who you ask—both are absurd expressions when it comes to light, but that's just the way we talk in our oh-so-elite circles).

    • Although, why shouldn't light actually flow? There's the photometric quantity of luminous flux (Φ), and what do fluxes do? They flow. Case closed. 
    • As for light blowing into the holders... Maybe if the wind is strong enough it'll blow a few photons into the holder. They're terribly light, after all. They'll stick to the negative and make those little overexposed patches. That's just science.

    The tripod is about as stable as mounting the camera on a puppy with ADHD, and with the camera itself you can't be sure if it was made in millimeters, Viennese ells, Russian versts or just beaten into shape with a rock. The whole contraption shakes like an old drunk, but considering the factories mostly built furniture, and maybe also tractors, tanks, and knitting needles, the result is actually kind of impressive. The camera smells of vodka and when you lift the ground glass to insert the holder, faint strains of The Internationale  occasionally drift from within, lost on the wind.

    Vždycky se z toho dá případně udělat lampa nebo pařeniště na žampiony, ale… to by byla škoda. Pokud se vám to cestou do plenéru podobně jako SSSR nesesere, je to vlastně v případě bezvětří skvělá fotokrabička pro první velkoformátnické krůčky. Pomůže vám zjistit k čemu je ten skleněnej displej vzadu a proč je na něm všechno vzhůru nohama, kam se strká ta obří SD karta nebo na co je ta harmonika uprostřed. Sofistikovaný a precizní stroj plný možností je do začátku snad až na škodu, ale tahle skromná škatulka vás bude pokorně provázet na cestě dál a suplovat jakéhosi dřevěného mentora. Údiv, legrace a pár třísek v rukách vás neminou — a já na něj právě proto vzpomínám s láskou. Můj první velkoformát. Díky, FKD.